New Netherland Settler Sketches

Name

Jan Spiegelaer.[1] Variants include Jan Spigelaer,[2] John Speegellar.[3]

Origin

Jan Spiegelaer was originally from Somergem [Zomergem] in Flanders, in the Southern Netherlands.[4]

Migration

Jan Spiegelaer and his wife sailed to New Netherland on the Hoop, with skipper Pieter Emilius. They departed on 8 April 1662 and owed the West India Company 72 guilders in passage fees.[5]

Settlement

Jan Spiegelaer from Sommergen [Zomergem] in Flanders obtained the burgher right of Amersfoort, Netherlands on 8 April 1656. He lived at the Appelmarckt [Apple Market] in Amersfoort at the time.[6]

After his arrival in New Netherland, Jan Spiegelaer first lived in New Amsterdam, where he owned two houses.[7] In 1674, the value of his property was assessed at 500 guilders.[8] He moved to Flatbush by 9 January 1680, when he and his wife became members of the Dutch Reformed church there.[9]

Jan Spiegelaer lived in Flatbush for the rest of his life. Around 1683, he had to pay 3 guilders for the town rates and 1 guilder and 7 stivers for the town expenses.[10] In 1687, he took the oath of allegiance in Flatbush, stating that he had been in the country for 25 years.[11]

Biographical Details

Jan Spiegelaer was born in Zomergem, Flanders, Southern Netherlands between say 1616 (probably younger than 40 when he married in 1656)[12] and 1623 (of age to sign a contract in 1648).[13] He was probably the Jan, son of Lieven de Spieghelaere, who was baptized in Zomergem on 10 March 1619 (sponsors: Jan Standaert, Mayken Bruyns). In his one-place-study of Zomergem in the seventeenth century, Marcel Smessaert found only one family with a name similar to Spiegelaer: the family of Lieven de Spieghelaere and his wife Betken Vereecke who married in Zomergem on 8 September 1616. Elisabeth (“Betken”) Vereecke died on 8 March 1657 and must have been the mother of all Lieven’s children including Jan. Smessaert found no further records for this son Jan de Spieghelaere in Zomergem, consistent with the possibility of this child being the New Netherland settler.[14]

Jan died between October 1695, when he received alms from the deacons at Flatbush,[15] and 17 January 1696, when his widow Gerritje was betrothed to Peter Billiou of Staten Island.[16]

Marriage and Children

On 11 September 1656 Jan Spiegelaer, a single man from Flanders, registered his intentions to marry Geertien Lamberts, a single woman from Amersfoort, at the Dutch Reformed Church of Amersfoort, Netherlands.[17] Geertien Lamberts was known as Gerritje in New Netherland records.[18]

Some authors have assumed Jan Spiegelaer’s wife was Gerritje, daughter of Jan Aertszen van der Bilt and Anneken Hendricks, who was baptized on 4 December 1650.[19] However, New Netherland church membership records mention Jan Spiegelaer and his wife as Gerritjen Lambers as new members in April 1663.[20] Gerritje, daughter of Jan Aertszen van der Bilt, had a different patronymic (Jansen) and would have been only twelve years old at the time. Apart from a minor variation (Geertjen rather than Gerritjen), the Amersfoort marriage record is consistent with the 1663 membership record in New Amsterdam. Geertjen or Gerritjen Lamberts must have been the wife who came over with Jan in 1662.[21]

Jan Spiegelaer and Gerritjen Lamberts probably did not have any children. No baptisms of children were found in Amersfoort, New Amsterdam, or Brooklyn.[22] In Gerritjen’s prenuptial agreement with her second husband Peter Biliou on 17 January 1695/6, she named her second husband as her heir, and specified bequests to her godchildren. She did not name any children.[23]

Education

Signature of Jan Spiegelaer, Amsterdam, 1648.

Signature of Jan Spiegelaer, Flatbush, 1686

Born in Flanders, and living in various places in the Dutch Republic, Jan Spiegelaers would have spoken Dutch. He could sign his name. His signature on an Amsterdam notarial record from 1648 is consistent with his signature on a Flatbush 1686 record, proving this is the same person.[24]

Enslavement

Jan Spiegelaer was a church member at the castle St. George in Elmina, in present-day Ghana, before 8 July 1655.[25] Elmina was under Dutch control from 1637 until 1872 and was the Netherlands’ African hub for the Transatlantic slave trade.[26] As a sailor for the West India Company,[27] stationed in Elmina, Jan Spiegelaer must have sailed on ships that transported enslaved people to the Americas.

Occupation

Before he came to New Netherland, Jan Spiegelaer served as a sailor for the West India Company. On 28 September 1648, Jan “Spigelaer” from Somergem [Zomergem] in Flanders was about to sail to Guinea aboard the Graef Enno [Count Enno], under the command of Casper Jannichen. He owed 48 guilders to Jacob Jansz van Luijck, nailmaker in Haarlem, for provisions. Spigelaer authorized Van Luijck to collect the money from the West India Company out of his wages.[28]

In New Netherland, Jan Spiegelaer was apparently an innkeeper. On 3 October 1673, he was fined 25 guilders for serving four people liquor at his house during the Sunday service.[29] On 15 March 1674, the fiscal of New Netherland (a position similar to a district attorney) charged Jan Spiegelaer with several offenses. Jan Spiegelaer had to pay a fine of 25 guilders for tapping on a day of prayer, and 100 guilders for selling rum to a soldier of the fort named Hendrick Jansz van Dort. Spiegelaer also had to pay a fine of 100 guilders for hitting Van Dort on the head with tongs. Some time earlier, Spiegelaer had sold rum to Pieter Jans, a drummer at the fort, for which he was fined an additional 100 guilders. For hitting Ambrosius Caesar, and cutting him in the back with a knife, he had to pay 300 guilders. On another occasion, Spiegeler had sold rum to Dirck Jansz, and beat him when he was drunk, for which he had to pay 100 guilders for the tapping plus 100 guilders for the beating.[30]

Holdings and Estate

In 1675, Jan Spiegelaer owned two houses and lots in “Maert Straet” [probably Market Street], New York, located between the houses of Jan de Maree and Dirrick de Woolspinner. On 26 March 1675 he mortgaged these houses for a debt of 1700 guilders in wampum to Frederick Phillips, which he promised to pay within a year.[31]

Jan Spiegelaer owned a house and lot in Flatbush. He owned that since before 4 March 1683/4, when his neighbor Antonij Wansaer sold property west of Jan Spiegelaer to Jan Ritcherson.[32] In 1687, Spiegelaer initially planned to mortgage his property for a debt of 5 pounds and 4 shillings to Balthasar Baijard. The property was located in the village of Midwoud, with the church lot to the south and west, north of the Lord’s road, and in use by Piter Strijker. Spiegelaer was behind on repaying his debt, but his creditor allowed him to postpone payment because of Spiegelaer’s age and infirmity. The debt would be repaid after his demise. However, the mortgage record was unfinished and unsigned.[33] Instead of mortgaging the property, Spiegelaer sold that property to Balthasaer Bayard of New York City on 4 March 1687 for 438 guilders. The property was described as located between the lots of the church and John Richardson. The sale had a clause that would cancel the sale if Spiegelaer or his heirs paid 10 pounds and 19 shillings by 1 May 1688.[34]

On 3 June 1680, Jan Spiegelaer was mentioned as the neighbor on the east side of the house and lot in Midwout that Jan van de Bilt sold to Minne Joannes.[35] It is unclear whether this is the same property as the house and lot sold in 1687.

Church Membership

On 8 July 1655, Jan Spiegelaer became a member of the Dutch Reformed Church of Amersfoort. He had previously been a church member at the castle of “S. Jorge del Mina” [present-day Fort St. George, Elmina, Ghana].[36]

Jan Spiegelaer and his wife Gerritje Lambers became members of the Dutch Reformed Church of New Amsterdam on 1 April 1663.[37] On 9 January 1680, Jan Spiegelaar and his wife Gerritje Spiegelaars became members of the Dutch Reformed Church of Flatbush.[38] From 1680 to 1683, he contributed 2 guilders and 9 stivers per quarter of a year toward the salary of the minister.[39]

On multiple occasions, Jan Spiegelaer received money from the deacons of the Dutch Reformed Church at Flatbush. On 27 April 1683, he received 54 guilders as a loan, which he repaid on 5 September 1687. [40] On 2 January 1685 he received 19 guilders and 10 stivers as alms.[41] He received 24 guilders for boarding Tryntien Konings on 22 June 1691.[42] In September 1695 he received 6 guilders and in October 1695 another 3 guilders in alms for bottles of wine.[43] He was probably already ill at this time, and the wine was intended for medicinal purposes.

Jan Spiegelaer witnessed the baptisms of several children:

• Theunis, son of Jan Teunissen and Marie Jans, baptized Dutch Reformed Church of New Amsterdam 1 March 1664 (witnesses: Jan Spiegelsaen, Gerrit Lambertsszen).[44]

• Perhaps: Hendrickje, daughter of Meijnart Courten and Marie Pieters, baptized Dutch Reformed Church of New Amsterdam 16 January 1670 (witness: Jan Spiegel).[45]

• Lambertus, son of Gerrit Hendrickszen and Tietie Lievens, baptized Dutch Reformed Church of New Amsterdam 5 May 1672 (witnesses: Jan Spiegelaer and his wife).[46]

• Ariaentje, daughter of Gerrit Hendrickszen and Zijtken Lieuvens, baptized Dutch Reformed Church of New Amsterdam 24 September 1673 (witnesses: Jan Spiegel, Dirck Evertszen, Gerritje Spiegel).[47]

• Cornelis, son of Jan Woutersz van den Bosch and Weintje Pieters, baptized Dutch Reformed Church of Flatbush 20 January 1682 (witnesses: Jan Spiegelaar, Geertje vander Vliet).[48]

Associations

Jan Spiegelaer must have been a close friend of Cornelis Jacops, who named Spiegelaer as his sole heir in his will of 29 November 1683.[49] On 6 December 1683 Jan Spiegelaer owed the deacons of Flatbush 8 guilders for a shroud.[50] The timing suggests that the shroud was used for the burial of Cornelis Jacops.

Jan Spiegelaer witnessed the baptisms of children of Jan Teunissen and Marie Jans, Meijnart Courten and Marie Pieters, Gerrit Hendrickszen and Tietie Lievens (two times), and Jan Woutersz van den Bosch and Weintje Pieters.[51] They were probably close friends of his.

He boarded Tryntien Konings, who was in the care of the deacons of the Dutch Reformed Church of Flatbush.[52]

Additional Details

On 4 July 1672, Jan Spiegelaer promised to contribute ten guilders for the reparation of James Fort.[53] On 11 November 1674, Jan Spiegelaer (“John Speegellar”) was caught embezzling arms and tools from the fort. He hid one carbine and one round of shot in his house. Several arms and tools had gone missing, and authorities searched several houses. Jan was one of three people found hiding stolen property.[54]

Jan Spiegelaer purchased a scow (flat-bottomed ship) from Andries Andriesen. On 14 January 1668, the New York court ordered Jan to pay the money he still owed for the purchase.[55]

Jan Spiegelaer sued Abram Carpijn (1668)[56] and Jochem Beeckman (1672).[57] The parties apparently reached an agreement without a verdict of the court, so the details of their cases are not recorded.

Literature

Bergen, Teunis G. Register in Alphabetical Order, of the Early Settlers of Kings County, Long Island, N.Y. S.W. Green’s Son, 1881. Short biography (p. 270) that mentions wife as Geertje——, though later identifies her as Gerretje Janse, daughter of Jan Aertsen Vanderbilt.

Riker, David M. Genealogical and Biographical Directory to Persons in New Netherland, from 1613 to 1674. Vol. 3. Higginson Book Company, 1999. Entry for Jan Spiegelaer.

Scott, Kenneth. “New Amsterdam’s Taverns and Tavernkeepers: V.” Halve Maen 40 (April 1965): 11–12 (p. 11). Mentions Jan Spiegelaar getting fined for serving strong drink in October 1673.

Stone, Frederick Doren and Laura M. Stone, with Harry Macy Jr. “Jan Aertsen Vanderbilt, His Children and Grandchildren.” New York Genealogical and Biographical Record 144 (October 2013): 245–260. Discusses the identity of the wife of Jan Spiegelaer and explains why she was not Gerritje Jans Vanderbilt (p. 253 fn. 53).

Source Editions

Christoph, Peter R., ed. Administrative Papers of Governors Richard Nicolls and Francis Lovelace, 1664–1673. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1980. Pledge for fort repair (p. 179).

Christoph, Peter R., and Florence A. Christoph, eds. The Andros Papers: Files of the Provincial Secretary of New York During the Administration of Governor Sir Edmund Andros, 1674–1680. Translated by Charles T. Gehring. 1: 1674–1676. Syracuse University Press, 1989. Embezzled carbine and shot (p. 20).

Fernow, Berthold, and E. B. (Edmund Bailey) O’Callaghan. The Records of New Amsterdam From 1653 to 1674 Anno Domini. 6 vols. New York City, New York: Knickerbocker, 1897. Andriesen vs. Spiegelaer (p. 6:108), Spiegelaer vs. Carpyn (p. 6:143), Spiegelaer vs. Beeckman (pp. 6:356, 358), D’Milt vs. Spiegelaar (p. 7:6), schout vs. Spiegelaar (p. 7:72).

Hoff, Henry B., ed. Long Island Source Records: From the New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1987. Conveyance (p. 78), prenuptial agreement (identified as will) of Petter Billiou mentioning intended wife Gerretye Spiegelaers (p. 97), will of Cornelis Jacops naming Jan Spiegelaer as heir (p. 102).

O’Callaghan, E. B, ed. The Documentary History of the State of New-York. 4 vols. Albany, New York: Weed, Parsons & Co., 1849. Oath of allegiance (p. 1:429).

Sypher, Francis J., ed. Liber A of the Collegiate Churches of New York, Part 2: Baptisms 1639 to 1697, Members 1649 to 1701, Marriages 1639 to 1701. Historical Series of the Reformed Church in America. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2015. Baptismal witness (pp. 137, 179, 195, 204), church member (p. 423).

Voorhees, David William. Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, Kings County, New York. Vols. 1, 1677–1720. Holland Society of New York, 1998. Church membership (pp. 345, 367).

Wilson, James Grant, ed. The Memorial History of the City of New York, from Its First Settlement to the Year 1892. Vol. 1. New York City, New York: New-York History Company, 1892. Assessment (p. 362).

Citations

[1] List of passage fees from Holland to New Netherland from 1654 to 1664, folio 63, Jan Spiegelaer, in New Netherland Council, Dutch colonial administrative correspondence, vol. 14, 1661–1662; imaged, “Digital Collections,” New York State Archives (https://digitalcollections.archives.nysed.gov/index.php/Detail/objects/54615), identifier NYSA_A1810-78_V14_0083, images 126–27 of 180; citing series A1810-78, New York State Archives, Albany, New York.

[2] Jan Spigelaer debt to Jacob Jansz van Luijn, 28 September 1648, in Hendrick Schaaef, notary (Amsterdam), minutes of conveyances of soldiers and sailors, 1647–1649, fol. 142r; imaged, Gemeente Amsterdam Stadsarchief (https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/0a3b7eb9-5a3e-c27f-c342-3c1329634782), image 145 of 242; citing call no. 1325, Record Group 5075: Archief van de Notarissen ter Standplaats Amsterdam [Records of the Notaries Residing in Amsterdam], Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

[3] Peter R. Christoph and Florence A. Christoph, eds., The Andros Papers: Files of the Provincial Secretary of New York During the Administration of Governor Sir Edmund Andros, 1674–1680, trans. Charles T. Gehring, 1: 1674–1676 (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University, 1989), 20; citing 24:13.

[4] Jan Spigelaer debt to Jacob Jansz van Luijn, 28 September 1648.

[5] List of passage fees from Holland to New Netherland from 1654 to 1664, folio 63, Jan Spiegelaer. The register of passage fees does not name the wife.

[6] Jan Spiegelaer as burgher of Amersfoort, 8 April 1656, in “Personen,” index, Archieven.nl (https://www.archieven.nl) > Personen > Search for Spiegelaer Sommergen; citing call no. 1847, RG 0001.01: Stadsbestuur Amersfoort [Amersfoort City Administration], Archief Eemland, Amersfoort, Netherlands.

[7] Jan Spiegelaer debt to Frederick Philipsen, 26 March 1675, in Court of Mayors (New York, New York), deeds and mortgages of lots and tracts, 1664–1675, p. 211; imaged, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSL5-QYR4), IGN 008201185, image 730 of 1200.

[8] James Grant Wilson, ed., The Memorial History of the City of New York, from Its First Settlement to the Year 1892, vol. 1 (New York City, New York: New-York History Company, 1892), 362.

[9] David William Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, Kings County, New York, vols. 1, 1677–1720 (Holland Society of New York, 1998), 345, 367.

[10] Flatbush rates list, circa 1683, in Flatbush, Kings County, Liber Town Records, Papers Taken From Libers B, C, and D, vol. 1, 1652–1708, pp. 253–255 (p. 254) ; imaged, “Digital Collections,” NYC Department of Records & Information Services (https://nycrecords.access.preservica.com/), identifier MSS0004_2_04_01_010_001, images 255–57 of 298; citing Town of Flatbush records, Brooklyn Old Town Records, New York Municipal Archives, New York City, New York.

[11] E. B O’Callaghan, ed., The Documentary History of the State of New-York, vol. 1 (Albany, New York: Weed, Parsons & Co., 1849), 429.

[12] Marriage intentions of Jan Spiegelaer and Geertien Lamberts, 11 September 1656, in Dutch Reformed Church (Amersfoort), register of marriage intentions, 1647–1670, p. 133; imaged, Het Utrechts Archief (https://hetutrechtsarchief.nl/collectie/067EBF414B749D33E0534701000A7459); citing call no. 38f, RG DTB_Archief_Eemland_13, Archief Eemland, Amersfoort, Netherlands.

[13] Jan Spigelaer debt to Jacob Jansz van Luijn, 28 September 1648, in Hendrick Schaaef, notary (Amsterdam), minutes of conveyances of soldiers and sailors, 1647–1649, fol. 142r; imaged, Gemeente Amsterdam Stadsarchief (https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/0a3b7eb9-5a3e-c27f-c342-3c1329634782), image 145 of 242; citing call no. 1325, Record Group 5075: Archief van de Notarissen ter Standplaats Amsterdam [Records of the Notaries Residing in Amsterdam], Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

[14] Marcel Smessaert, compiler, E. van Wonterghem and R. Debbaut, compilers, Zomergemse families in de 17e eeuw (Vlaamse Vereniging voor Familiekunde Meetjesland, 2002), 63; PDF, Familiekunde Vlaanderen regio Meetjesland (https://www.familiekundevlaanderen-meetjesland.be/downloads/Zomergemse-Families/Zomergemse-families-17de-eeuw.pdf). Betken is a diminutive of Elisabeth.

[15] David William Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, Kings County, New York, vols. 2, Deacons' Accounts, 1654–1704 (Holland Society of New York, 2009), 297.

[16] Prenuptial agreement between Petter Biljou to Gerretije Spiegelaers, 17 January 1695[/6], in Gravesend, Kings County, Town Records, book 6: patents, deeds, 1646–1701, p. 21; imaged, “Digital Collections,” NYC Department of Records & Information Services (https://nycrecords.access.preservica.com/), identifier MSS0004_2_06_01_006_001, image 24 of 273; citing Town of Gravesend records, Brooklyn Old Town Records, New York Municipal Archives, New York City, New York.

[17] Marriage intentions of Jan Spiegelaer and Geertien Lamberts, 11 September 1656, in Dutch Reformed Church (Amersfoort), register of marriage intentions, 1647–1670, p. 133; imaged, Het Utrechts Archief (https://hetutrechtsarchief.nl/collectie/067EBF414B749D33E0534701000A7459); citing call no. 38f, RG DTB_Archief_Eemland_13, Archief Eemland, Amersfoort, Netherlands.

[18] Church membership registration of Jan Spiegelaer and Gerritje Lambers, 1 April 1663, in Dutch Reformed Church (New Amsterdam), Liber A, membership register, 1649–1701, p. 515; imaged, “U.S., Dutch Reformed Church Records in Selected States, 1639–1989,” Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6961) > New York > Manhattan > Collegiate Church . . . > image 418 of 1410; citing The Archives of the Reformed Church in America, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

[19] See for example, Teunis G. Bergen, Register in Alphabetical Order, of the Early Settlers of Kings County, Long Island, N.Y. (S.W. Green’s Son, 1881), 321. Also, John Oluf Evjen, Scandinavian Immigrants in New York, 1630–1674 (K. C. Holter, 1916), 60.

[20] Church membership registration of Jan Spiegelaer and Gerritje Lambers, 1 April 1663, in Dutch Reformed Church (New Amsterdam), Liber A, membership register, 1649–1701, p. 515; imaged, “U.S., Dutch Reformed Church Records in Selected States, 1639–1989,” Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6961) > New York > Manhattan > Collegiate Church . . . > image 418 of 1410; citing The Archives of the Reformed Church in America, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

[21] List of passage fees from Holland to New Netherland from 1654 to 1664, folio 63, Jan Spiegelaer.

[22] “Personen,” index, Archieven.nl (https://www.archieven.nl) > Personen, search for achternaam=spi*gela*, rol= vader. Francis J. Sypher, ed., Liber A of the Collegiate Churches of New York, Part 2: Baptisms 1639 to 1697, Members 1649 to 1701, Marriages 1639 to 1701, Historical Series of the Reformed Church in America (William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2015). A. P. G. Jos van der Linde, ed., Old First Dutch Reformed Church of Brooklyn, New York: First Book of Records, 1660–1752, New York Historical Manuscripts: Dutch (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1983).

[23] Prenuptial agreement between Petter Biljou and Gerretije Spiegelaers, 17 January 1695[/6].

[24] Jan Spigelaer debt to Jacob Jansz van Luijn, 28 September 1648, in Hendrick Schaef, notary (Amsterdam), minutes of conveyances of soldiers and sailors, 1647–1649, fol. 142r; imaged, Gemeente Amsterdam Stadsarchief (https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/0a3b7eb9-5a3e-c27f-c342-3c1329634782), image 145 of 242; citing call no. 1325, Record Group 5075: Archief van de Notarissen ter Standplaats Amsterdam [Records of the Notaries Residing in Amsterdam], Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Conveyance of Hans Teunisse to Jan Wouters, 20 February 1686, in Flatbush, Kings County, Liber C: deeds, 1666–1686, p. 159; imaged, “Digital Collections,” NYC Department of Records & Information Services (https://nycrecords.access.preservica.com/), identifier MSS0004_2_04_01_005_001, image 164 of 169; citing Town of Flatbush records, Brooklyn Old Town Records, New York Municipal Archives, New York City, New York.

[25] Jan Spiegelaer as church member, 8 July 1655, in “Personen,” index, Archieven.nl (https://www.archieven.nl) > Personen > search for Spiegelaer Mina; citing call no. 73, RG 0167: Hervormde Gemeente Amersfoort [Dutch Reformed Congregation Amersfoort], Archief Eemland, Amersfoort, Netherlands.

[26] Marcel van Engelen, Het Kasteel van Elmina: In Het Spoor van de Nederlandse Slavenhandel in Afrika (Bezige Bij, 2013), 21–23.

[27] Jan Spigelaer debt to Jacob Jansz van Luijn, 28 September 1648.

[28] Jan Spigelaer debt to Jacob Jansz van Luijn, 28 September 1648, in Hendrick Schaaef, notary (Amsterdam), minutes of conveyances of soldiers and sailors, 1647–1649, fol. 142r; imaged, Gemeente Amsterdam Stadsarchief (https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/file/0a3b7eb9-5a3e-c27f-c342-3c1329634782), image 145 of 242; citing call no. 1325, Record Group 5075: Archief van de Notarissen ter Standplaats Amsterdam [Records of the Notaries Residing in Amsterdam], Stadsarchief Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

[29] Sheriff Anthonij D’Mill vs. Jan Spiegelaer, 3 October 1673, in Court of Burgomasters and Schepens (New York), minutes, vol. 6: 1670–1674, p. 236; imaged, “Digital Collections,” NYC Department of Records & Information Services (https://nycrecords.access.preservica.com/), identifier MSS0040_1_2_06, image 246 of 540; citing Minutes of Burgomasters and Schepens of New Amsterdam, series 1: Original Dutch records of New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam records, New York City Municipal Archives, New York City, New York.

[30] Fiscal vs. Jan Spigelaer, 15 March 1674, in New Netherland Council, Dutch colonial administrative correspondence, vol. 23, 1673–1674, p. 320–24; imaged, “Digital Collections,” New York State Archives (https://digitalcollections.archives.nysed.gov/index.php/Detail/objects/52051), identifier NYSA_A1881-78_V23_0320; citing series A1810-78, New York State Archives, Albany, New York.

[31] Jan Spiegelaer debt to Frederick Philipsen, 26 March 1675.

[32] Conveyance from Antonij Wansaer to Jan Ritcherson, 4 March 1683/4, in Flatbush, Kings County, Liber C: deeds, 1666–1686, p. 125; image 130 of 169.

[33] Mortgage by Jan Spiegelaer to Balthasar Baijard, 1687 [between record of 1686/7 and 3 May 1687], in Flatbush, Kings County, Liber A: deeds, wills, and conveyances, 1670–1708, p. 85; imaged, “Digital Collections,” NYC Department of Records & Information Services (https://nycrecords.access.preservica.com/), identifier MSS0004_2_04_01_001_001, image 101 of 295; citing Town of Flatbush records, Brooklyn Old Town Records, New York Municipal Archives, New York City, New York.

[34] Conveyance from John Spiegelaer to Balthasaer Baijard, 4 March 1687, in Kings County, New York, conveyances, vol. 1: deeds, 1679–1694, pp. 116–18; imaged, “Digital Collections,” NYC Department of Records & Information Services (https://nycrecords.access.preservica.com/), identifier MSS0004_2_01_33_001_001, image 131–32 of 377; citing Kings County records, Brooklyn Old Town Records, New York City Municipal Archives, New York City, New York. The final page of the record (118) was not imaged.

[35] Conveyance from Jan van de Bilt to Minne Johannes, 3 June 1680, in Flatbush, Kings County, Liber A: deeds, wills, and conveyances, 1670–1708, p. 53; image 67 of 295.

[36] Jan Spiegelaer as church member, 8 July 1655, in “Personen,” index, Archieven.nl (https://www.archieven.nl) > Personen > search for Spiegelaer Mina; citing call no. 73, RG 0167: Hervormde Gemeente Amersfoort [Dutch Reformed Congregation Amersfoort], Archief Eemland, Amersfoort, Netherlands.

[37] Church membership registration of Jan Spiegelaer and Gerritje Lambers, 1 April 1663.

[38] David William Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, Kings County, New York, vols. 1, 1677–1720 (Holland Society of New York, 1998), 345, 367.

[39] Contributions for the salary of the minister, 1680–1681, in Flatbush, Kings County, Town Meeting Minutes, 1701–1762, Town Accounts, 1663–1680, p. 271, 274, 275; imaged, “Digital Collections,” NYC Department of Records & Information Services (https://nycrecords.access.preservica.com/), identifier MSS0004_2_04_01_008_001, images 274, 277, 278 of 307; citing Town of Flatbush records, Brooklyn Old Town Records, New York Municipal Archives, New York City, New York. Contributions for the salary of the minister, c. 1682–1683, in Flatbush, Kings County, Liber Town Records, Papers Taken From Libers B, C, and D, vol. 1, 1652–1708, pp. 267, 269, 275; images 269, 271, 277 of 488.

[40] Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, 2:213, 225.

[41] Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, 2:211.

[42] Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, 2:261.

[43] Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, 2:297, 299.

[44] Baptism of Theunis, son of Jan Teunissen and Marie Jans, 1 March 1664, in Dutch Reformed Church (New Amsterdam), Liber A, baptismal register, 1639–1697, p. 326; imaged, “U.S., Dutch Reformed Church Records in Selected States, 1639–1989,” Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6961) > New York > Manhattan > Collegiate Church . . . > image 255 of 1410; citing The Archives of the Reformed Church in America, New Brunswick, New Jersey.

[45] Baptism of Hendrickje, daughter of Meijnart Courten and Marie Pieters, 16 January 1670, in Dutch Reformed Church (New Amsterdam), Liber A, baptismal register, 1639–1697, p. 352; image 255 of 1410.

[46] Baptism of Lambertus, son of Gerrit Hendrickszen and Tietie Lievens, 5 May 1672, in Dutch Reformed Church (New Amsterdam), Liber A, baptismal register, 1639–1697, p. 363; image 267 of 1410.

[47] Baptism of Ariaentje, daughter of Gerrit Hendrickszen and Zijtken Lieuvens, 24 September 1673, in Dutch Reformed Church (New Amsterdam), Liber A, baptismal register, 1639–1697, p. 369; image 270 of 1410.

[48] Baptism of Cornelis, son of Jan Woutersz van den Bosch and Weintje Pieters, 20 January 1682, in David William Voorhees, ed., Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, Kings County, New York, 1: 1677-1720 (Holland Society of New York, 1998), 414.

[49] Last will of Cornelis Jacops, 29 November 1683, in Flatbush, Kings County, Liber C: deeds, 1666–1686, p. 125; image 130 of 169.

[50] Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, 2:193.

[51] Baptism of Theunis, son of Jan Teunissen and Marie Jans, 1 March 1664; Hendrickje, daughter of Meijnart Courten and Marie Pieters, 16 January 1670; Lambertus, son of Gerrit Hendrickszen and Tietie Lievens, 5 May 1672; Ariaentje, daughter of Gerrit Hendrickszen and Zijtken Lieuvens, 24 September 1673; Cornelis, son of Jan Woutersz van den Bosch and Weintje Pieters, 20 January 1682.

[52] Voorhees, Records of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of Flatbush, 2:261.

[53] Peter R. Christoph, ed., Administrative Papers of Governors Richard Nicolls and Francis Lovelace, 1664–1673 (Genealogical Publishing, 1980), 175; citing New York Historical Manuscripts, vol. 22:127, New York State Archives.

[54] Christoph and Christoph, The Andros Papers, 1:20.

[55] Andries Andriessen vs. Jan Spiegelaer, 14 January 1668, in Court of Burgomasters and Schepens (New York), minutes, vol. 5: 1665–1670, p. 377; imaged, “Digital Collections,” NYC Department of Records & Information Services (https://nycrecords.access.preservica.com/), identifier MSS0040_1_2_05, image 385 of 640; citing Minutes of Burgomasters and Schepens of New Amsterdam, series 1: Original Dutch records of New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam records, New York City Municipal Archives, New York City, New York.

[56] John Spiegelaer vs. Abram Carpijn, 4 August 1668, in Court of Burgomasters and Schepens (New York), minutes, vol. 5: 1665–1670, p. 438; image 446 of 640.

[57] John Spiegelaer vs. Jochem Beeckman, 23 January 1672, in Court of Burgomasters and Schepens (New York), minutes, vol. 6: 1670–1674, p. 147; image 155 of 540. John Spiegelaer vs. Jochem Beeckman, 13 February 1672, in Court of Burgomasters and Schepens (New York), minutes, vol. 6: 1670–1674, p. 150; image 158 of 540.